White 1974

Reference:

Under construction

Review

Excerpts

'It is difficult to get an objective history of a scholarly discipline, because if the historian is himself a practitioner of it, he is likely to be a devotee of one or another of its sects and hence biased; and if he is not a practitioner, he is unlikely to have the expertise necessary to distinguish between the significant and the insignificant events of the field's development' (395).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | discipline | history | objective |



'In general there has been a reluctance to consider historical narratives as what they most manifestly are: verbal fictions, the contents of which are as much invented as found and the forms of which have more in common with their counterparts in literature than they have with those in the sciences' (396).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | verbal |



'No given set of casually recorded historical events can in itself constitute a story; the most it might offer to the historian are story elements. The events are made into a story by the suppression or subordination of certain of them and the highlighting of others, by characterization, motific repetition, variation of tone and point of view, alternative descriptive strategies, and the like-- in short, all of the techniques that we would normally expect to find in the emplotment of a novel or a play' (397).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | repetition | variation |



'Unless you have some idea of the generic attributes of tragic, comic, romantic, or ironic situations, you will be unable to recognize them as such when you come upon them in a literary text' (398).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | idea | literary | text |



When characterizing psychological therapy, White says that, 'the problem is to get the parent to "reemplot" his whole life history in such a way as to change the meaning of those events for him and their significance for the economy of the whole set of events that make up his life' (399).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | history | meaning | problem | significance |



'This is what leads me to think that historical narratives are not only models of past events and processes, but also metaphorical statements which suggest a relation of similitude between such events and processes and the story types that we conventionally use to endow the events of our lives with culturally sanctioned meanings' (400).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | relation |



'Levi-Strauss concludes: "In spite of worthy and indispensable efforts to bring another moment in history alive and to possess it, a clairvoyant history should admit that it never completely escapes from the nature of myth." It is this mediative function that permits us to speak of a historical narrative as an extended metaphor' (402).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | function | history | metaphor | myth | narrative | nature |



'The hackneyed phrase "My love, a rose" is not obviously, intended to be understood as suggestion that the loved one is actually a rose' (402).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | phrase |



'Histories, then, are not only about events but also about the possible sets of relationships that those events can be demonstrated to figure. These sets of relationships are not, however, immanent in the events themselves; they exist only in the mind of the historian reflecting on them' (403-4).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | figure | mind |



'In any field of study which, like history, has not yet become disciplinized to the point of constructing a formal terminological system for describing its objects, in the way that physics and chemistry have, it is the types of figurative discourse that dictate the fundamental forms of the data to be studied' (404).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | data | discourse | history | study | system |



'The fruitfulness of Jakobson's theory lies in its suggestion that the various forms of both poetry and prose, all of which have their counterparts in narrative in general and therefore in historiography too, can be characterized in terms of the dominant trope which serves as the paradigm, provided by language itself, of all significant relationships conceived to exist in the world by anyone wishing to represent those relationships in language' (405).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | language | narrative | paradigm | theory | trope | world |



'The older distinction between fiction and history, in which fiction is conceived as the representation of the imaginable and history as the representation of the actual, must five place to the recognition that we can only know the actual by contrasting it with or likening it to the imaginable' (406).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | distinction | history | recognition | representation |



'To say that we make sense of the real world by imposing upon it the formal coherency that we customarily associate with the products of writers of fiction in no way detracts from the status as knowledge which we ascribe to historiography' (407).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | knowledge | status | world |



'It may be observed that if historians were to recognize the fictive element in their narratives, this would not mean the degradation of historiography to the status of ideology or propaganda. In fact, this recognition would serve as a potent antidote to the tendency of historians to become captive of ideological preconceptions which they do not recognize as such but honor as the "correct" perception of "the way things really are."' (40x).

Domains: Under construction |

Key Terms: | correct | ideology | perception | recognition | status |



Last Modified: July-12-96 15:43:33

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