Reference:
Review Excerpts 'Comprehension is a joint function of textual aspects and of the reader's knowledge where both textual features and reader knowledge
exist at various levels of abstractness....In the present paper we examine "scriptal" relatedness, which is one of the many intersentence
relationships described by linguists. The paper consists of three parts. The first part discusses the script construct in the context of other
constructs and illustrates how scripts provide connectivity between sentences. The second treats the role of scripts in the retention of texts,
and the third addresses the role of scripts in reading comprehension' (30).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | comprehension | construct | context |
function |
knowledge |
reader |
reading |
role |
script |
Haberlandt and Bingham say that Schank developed the notion of script as a '"predetermined, stereotyped sequence of actions that
defines a well-known situation" (Schank and Abelson 1977)' (31).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | notion | script | situation |
'Anderson [1981] distinguishes between concepts, propositions, and schemata, with the latter including scripts. A concept is the
"unanalyzable building block or primitive" of semantic memory.... Propositions are formed by relating concepts through predicates. They are
the smallest units of meaning, assertions about the world which can be judged true or false. A schema is a set of related propositions and a
script is a stereotyped sequence of propositions involving concepts, namely people or roles, objects or props, and settings. The script was
conceived to be a very flexible mechanism' (32).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | concept | meaning | memory |
schema |
script |
world |
'Scripts ... are viewed as structurally similar to other knowledge structures in terms of their hierarchical organization and linear ordering'
(33-4).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | knowledge | 'Scripts are no longer viewed as "data structures that are available in one piece in some part of memory" (Schank 1980:264). Rather a
script is a set of pointers to those memory structures tied to the particular script' (36).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | data | memory | script |
'Scripts are assumed to provide privileged access to information in memory wherever it is located and to facilitate comprehension if
subsequent sentences (Schank 1978). The mechanism for privileged access in reading comprehension is "spreading activation"'
(36).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | comprehension | memory | privileged |
reading |
'Later in the passage a target sentence followed which was highly compatible with one version and less so with the other' (37).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | sentence | 'The assumption of the present study was that facilitation in script related sentences is achieved through spreading activation'
(38).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | assumption | script | study |
'The purpose of the present experiment was to evaluate the hypothesis that judgments of target sentences would be faster and more
accurate in Same pairs that in Different pairs. Using this technique we made the following two assumptions: that judgment latencies were an
estimate of ease of comprehension, and that, in this task, sentences were processed against the background of the preceding sentence,
although the sentence judgment task was a single-sentence task as far as our subjects were concerned' (39).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | comprehension | hypothesis |
judgment |
purpose |
sentence |
'The Same pairs were constructed in accordance with the constraints that priming and target sentences occur in a forward order, that
both sentences of a pair begin with the same pronoun, and that there was no repetition of content words' (39).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | content | pronoun | repetition |
'The question motivating the experiment described here was whether script instantiation could be demonstrated empirically'
(42).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | script | 'A text is rarely based on a single script, rather it is based on several scripts' ().
Domains: Under construction |
'We think that the critical contribution of script theory was to focus attention of the role of events and on reader knowledge of events in
reading comprehension. The script concept will probably change as a result of future research, but the underlying theme of reader
knowledge of events will remain an important part of theories of text comprehension' (44).
Domains: Under construction |
Key Terms: | comprehension | concept | focus |
knowledge |
reader |
reading |
research |
result |
role |
script |
text |
theme |
theory |
Last Modified:
July-12-96 9:36:59
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