MIKE RUGGERI’S THE ANCIENT AMERICAS BREAKING NEWS
BREAKING NEWS FROM MESOAMERICA, THE ANDEAN CULTURES, MISSISSIPPIAN CULTURES, ADENA AND HOPEWELL CULTURES, THE ANCIENT SOUTHWEST, THE PRE-CLOVIS AND CLOVIS CULTURES, ANCIENT CARIBBEAN AND AMAZONIAN CULTURES
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November 14, 2009
Ancient Hohokam Canals Found in Downtown Mesa
Satellite imagery archaeology has enabled archaeologists to find ancient Hohokam canals in downtown Mesa, Arizona. The canal system was known but it is the extent of it that is the surprise. A water park to be built at the site has been put on hold. There is a golf course and a hospital atop the canals as well as the Mesa Grande Pueblo Ruins. The Hohokam canals rivaled Ancient Egypt and China. They cultivated tobacco, cotton, beans, squash, maize and agave.
The Phoenix Local Examiner has the story here;
November 13, 2009
Three Inca Funerary Offerings Uncovered in Cusco
Three funeral offerings have been found at the Sacsayhuaman site in Cusco. 3 skulls inside a ceramic vessel with ceremonial dishes. In the 2nd, a man of 45 years with a ceremonial knife and ceramics and the 3rd are the remains of a boy of 3. Decapitation of enemies by the Incas was a late Inca empire practice.
Andina has a short report here with 3 photos;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=d6aUvOvIpts=
And the Latin American Tribune here
http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=347380&CategoryId=14095
November 10, 2009
Sacred Mounds and the Mississippians
At the annual Southeast Archaeological Conference, Dr. Richard Krause gave a presentation on ancient stone mounds in the Southeast and across the country. He pointed out that there was a fusion between mortuary ritualism and mound building in these mounds between 2000 BCE and 1000 CE. Some mounds contain nothing. But the majority contain human remains and burial chambers. The building of stone mounds matches the distribution of food production and then social
stratification. This may have been the impetus to setting off the Mississippian civilization. Community labor to grow food leads to community labor to build mounds and new artifacts are created and then offered to the dead which leads to more production of artifacts and
more exchange. The areas of these mounds were made into sacralized space and are the equivalent of shrines and are 1000 years older than Christian or Buddhist or Islamic shrines and they should be treated with the same respect.
Southeasternarcheaology.com has the report here;
http://www.southeasternarchaeology.com/seac2009.html
November 9, 2009
The Mural Discoveries at Calakmul
Archaeologist Carrasco Vargas and his team from INAH have been digging into 68 buried structures at Calakmul for the last 5 years. They found a buried pyramid and dug a tunnel to inspect the interior and have found an area that had been remodeled many times over 600 years. And, in the process, have found many murals painted between 620-700 CE. 30 murals have been documented so far. They show the everyday life of the Maya and shed light on virtually unknown aspects of Maya society. There is a man with a big broad brimmed hat making maize gruel and another with an ornate headdress drinks from a bowl of the gruel. A female tamale vendor offers tamales to a man already eating some. There is a salt seller and a tobacco seller and a pottery seller. The paintings are described in a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Was this a series of paintings in a Maya marketplace? These murals opened up a new archaeological frontier in the area of Maya food and goods and feasting.
MSNBC Cosmic Log has the report here with some good photos and drawings of the murals;
http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/11/09/2123180.aspx
November 8, 2009
More on the Nazca Princess Tomb
In an update on the tomb of an elite child found buried at Cahuachi during early Nazca, 300-450 CE, the unpaid Italian archaeologist Giuseppe Orefici who uncovered the tomb has made some further comments on the find. He has been paying for a guardian for the site out of pocket for 27 years. The young elite child he found was between 12-14 and found inside rooms between the Great Pyramid and the Orange Pyramid. Reeds and ropes covered her body and the body was painted and had an additional vertebra added. She had deformed forearms, perhaps a result of praying with arms extended for long periods of time. The fabric wrapped around her body had orcas painted on them and there were obsidian arrow heads. Lots of gold jewelry was buried with her among other valuable items. There were dozens of heads of birds of prey with their beaks tied also in the grave.
More spectacular finds will probably be made and Oferici continues work without pay from Peru or Italy. The artifacts from the grave have been taken to Nasca where a physicist from the University of Padua will research them.
EnPeru has the story here;
http://enperublog.com/2009/11/07/priestess-of-cahuachi/
November 7, 2009
Scarlet Macaw Trade at Paquime
In a follow up study on the breeding of macaws at Paquime for trade purposes from 1200-1450 CE, a new analysis of bones of pre-historic macaws at the site appears to show that the people of Paquime raised most of the macaw birds themselves and did not import the great majority of the birds from the tropics. Feathers were harvested for ceremonial garb and for trade with the Southwest. Measurements of carbon and oxygen isotopes in scarlet macaws at Paquime indicate the birds ate mostly maize which they did not eat in the tropics. The new research shows that Paquime residents developed macaw breeding technology without the need for a close connection to the rest of Mesoamerica. The bones of 322 scarlet macaws, 181 macaws of other species and feces of macaws in 56 adobe cages were included in this new study. Not only did these birds not have a history of eating tropical foods but only one of the birds studied drank water from a place other than Paquime.
There is some question as to whether juvenile birds may have been transported in large numbers and then fed maize and water from Paquime changing the measurements.
Science News has the report here;
November 5, 2009
Excavations at Calusa Mound 5
Archaeologists are digging at a Calusa mound at Brown's Mound Complex in Pineland, Florida. They are investigating Mound 5 at the site. The Calusa were the dominant tribe of south Florida when the Spanish
arrived. They received tribute from as far away as the Keys and Cape Canaveral. So far, they have excavated lots of Belle Glade pottery made by people from Lake Okeechobee. This shows the Calusa were trading with and possibly controlling populations beyond their home in the 8th and 9th centuries. Evidence of the period of drought known as the Vandal Minimum are being found at Mound 5. Smaller shells like conchs and whelks are being found; very few oysters, since the oyster beds were dying; duck bones, which the Calusa did not normally eat. Ducks were being forced south into Calusa territory by way of colder winters during this period.
The Calusa formed as a tribe between 500 BCE and 500 CE. They were making hafted shell tools, large sedentary populations and eating lots of fish. Not a lot is known about their origins. Did they arrive late to this area or are they related to earlier paleo-indian groups in the
area?
The News-Press of Ft. Myers has the story here;
http://www.news-press.com/article/20091105/NEWS0113/91105022/1002/RSS01
November 5, 2009
Teotihuacan in Tlaxcala
INAH investigators have found evidence of Teotihuacan influence in eastern Tlaxcala. The site of Xalasco in Tlaxcala has been studied since 2005. 2 cultures lived there; the local Tenayac group and the other from Teotihuacan. 2 burials were uncovered, one buried with
pottery and the other with various offerings, ceramics and animals such as falcons, dogs, fish and turtles. There are stone representations of jaguar processions similar to Teotihuacan murals and censers that were of the Teotihuacan variety. Xalasco appears to be a Teotihuacan enclave that was a way station for commercial routes
to the Gulf Coast.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3828&Itemid=512
November 5, 2009
Oldest Tool in the Americas Uncovered
In a very important report in Nature Magazine, Dennis Jenkins, the archaeologist who found the pre-Clovis human coprolites dated to 14,000-14,270 years old in Paisley Cave in Oregon, now claims to have found the oldest human artifact ever found in the Americas--a scraper like tool that dates back to 14,230 years ago. The date was calculated by way of sediment and radiocarbon dating. The tool was found in a rock shelter in the caves near Paisley, Oregon. There were some criticisms of the dating of the coprolites because no human artifacts
were found with them. This discovery of a tool strengthens the veracity of the earlier claim.
Nature has the story here;
http://www.nature.com/news/2009/091105/full/news.2009.1058.html
November 4, 2009
New Finds at Chichen Itza
INAH is investigating a glyph series on a stela at the Casa Colorado building at Chichen Itza. There is an inscription on a stela that refers to the date 869 CE. The date may indicate the year the building was finished. Construction may have started on the building between 800-850 CE. If this date is correct, it would represent one of the first occupation periods at Chichen Itza. Other structures are being excavated at this quadrant including restoration on the 10th ball court found at the site. The main structure has big nosed deities and decorative figureheads associated with Chaac. Mostly red on buff ceramics containing foreign materials have been found at this site.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3825&Itemid=512
November 4, 2009
INAH Follow Up Report on Clovis in Sonora
In a follow up story about the discovery of a Clovis site at El Fin del Mundo in Sonora, INAH has announced there is a 25,000 year old stratigraphic sequence at the site and the remains of a species that were part of the now extinct Gomphotheriidae family have been found there. INAH has been working at Sonora Paleo-indian sites for 10 years. Before this newest find, it was unknown that Clovis people hunted gomphotheres. It was thought they were extinct 30,000 years ago. 300 Clovis artifacts dating to 11,000 BCE have been found at the site including 12 slabs used to hunt and dismember animals and Clovis points of white quartz and white flint. INAH is working the site with the University of Arizona and will begin its next excavations in February 2010.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3822&Itemid=512
November 1, 2009
The Nazcas Self-Destructed
Archaeologists studying the Nazca have found that they self destructed by destroying their forests around 500CE. The study was posted in the journal Latin American Antiquity. The Nazca cleared too much forest for agriculture and the Huarango tree was replaced by cotton and maize. The tree was crucial to the desert's fragile ecosystem and held the Nazca irrigation canals in place. An El Nino flood then devastated their area. The tree was needed for food, forage, timber and fuel and enhanced soil fertility and moisture and its deep roots held down the soil.
Once the flood happened, the harsh desert winds then completed the destruction of Nazca culture.
The Telegraph has the story here;
October 31, 2009
Maya Underwater Site Explored
Scuba divers are exploring a Maya site found at the bottom of a volcanic lake by an amateur explorer. The site is called Samabaj and was discovered 12 years ago in Lake Atitlan. Professional archaeologists are now exploring the site with sonar technology and excavating structures on the lake bed, 50 feet below. The island site was flooded in 250 CE by volcanic action. 6 monuments and 4 altars have been found. The island site appears to be a pilgrimage destination. The exact location has been kept secret to keep out looters.
Red Orbit has the story here;
October 28, 2009
New Photos of Early Sipan Tomb
I posted a story earlier about a very ancient tomb of an early Sipan dynast uncovered in August. At EnPeru, new and very good photos of the tomb have been posted shown with the striking owl ceramics found in
the tomb.
http://enperublog.com/2009/10/27/youngest-moche-noble-yet-at-sipan-site/#more-3382
October 26, 2009
5000 BCE Site in Trinidad
In 1994, 5000 BCE artifacts were found at the St. John's site in Trinidad. The dating was not exact. Shells from the site were sent to the US for testing and the date was confirmed. More field work has been done in the last few weeks and new discoveries were made. The site was occupied by the Ortoiroid people, who probably migrated from South America, some from Guyana and some from Belize. A large stone pestle was found used to pulverize seeds and roots and to pulverize red ochre which was used as body paint. Crab, oysters, bird and mammal
bones have been found giving insight into the diet at 5000 BCE. Scrapers were found to skin tree rats, red howler monkeys, pacas (large rodent), agoutis, red brockets (deer) and collared peccaries (pig-like animal).
The Trinidad Express has the story here;
http://www.trinidadexpress.com/index.pl/article_news?id=161548331
October 26, 2009
12 Canaris Culture Tombs Uncovered in Ecuador
12 tombs from the Canaris culture in Ecuador have been uncovered. Their capital was called Canaris. The Incas had to fight very hard to conquer them. The tombs have not yet been uncovered. They are located in a jungle terrain near a small stream chosen for its strategic
location. All the tombs but one are perfectly intact. Robbers left ceramics that were destroyed on its floor in the one plundered tomb telling the archaeologists the kind of artifacts that will be found in the 12 pristine tombs.
EnPeru has the story here with a photo;
http://enperublog.com/2009/10/23/twelve-canaris-tombs-discovered-in-lambayeque/
October 21, 2009
Huastec Burial Find
37 burials have been uncovered at the Huastec site of Tamtoc. They are from 1110-1200 CE and it appears that many had serious infections leading to deformations. The burials are from the same area as Monument 32 recently found there. The remains of women buried at this
area pre-dominate but this recovery shows there was an admixture of men and children. The site had been identified with the Lunar calendar representing the feminine. The bodies are laid out in an east-west
orientation. INAH is excavating the remaining 80% of the site right now. Projectile points, earrings, bracelets and beads have also been found.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3783&Itemid=512livepage.apple.com
October 21, 2009
Clovis Roamed South
A Clovis era site has been found in Mexico. This site is the most extensive evidence so far of Clovis in Mexico. The artifacts were found in Sonora and include the bones of a cousin of the mastodons. The site is called El Fin del Mundo and is 70 miles from Hermosillo. The artifacts and bones date to 11,000 BCE.
Nature News has the story here;
http://www.nature.com/news/2009/091021/full/news.2009.1034.html
October 21, 2009
More Info on the “Lady of Pacopampa”
Stuart Starr had more info on the "Lady of Pacopampa" tomb found in Cajamarca recently. A young girl was buried in the tomb in the Formative period at 1000 BCE. The Japanese team carrying out the excavation have determined that she was being raised to be a leader of her people. She had deliberate cranial deformation, a bluish substance and cinnabar in her grave, indicating elite status. This discovery disproves the notion that this was a period not yet marked by class differentiation. They found gold earrings with feather designs and many beads in her tomb. She died between age 30-40 and had eaten an elite diet.
The story and a nice photo are here;
http://enperublog.com/2009/10/19/lady-of-pacopampa-a-woman-born-to-rule/#more-3364
October 20, 2009
New Data on the Toltec Culture
New data on the Toltec Culture was presented at the 12th Conference of Northern Frontier Archaeology at Paquime.
Between 900-1100 CE, relations between the western and northern Mesoamerican frontier and central Mexico created a new culture--the Toltec culture. After the fall of Teotihuacan, northern groups began to fill the vacuum in central Mexico with their ideas, mainly in ceramic iconography. Zoomorphic and anthropomorphic elements entered from the northern coast and geometric designs entered from the Chupicuaro and Chalchihuites traditions. The northern frontier tradition also brought in strong human sacrifice themes in the cult of skulls and sacrificial knives. At the site of Cienaga de Zacapu in Michoacan, ceramic traditions associated with the Southwest USA have been found. Eventually, these
styles moved north to Zacatecas and Durango and then into the Hohokam culture of the Ancient Southwest.
INAH has the report here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3779&Itemid=150livepage.apple.com
October 20, 2009
17 Ancient Wooden Statuettes Found at Chan Chan
Peruvian archaeologists have found 17 very rare ancient wooden statuettes at the Chan Chan site. They date from 1350 CE. They were placed in niches in the walls. They were produced by the Chimu Culture.
Andina has the short report here with 3 photos;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=ncIuOnaSF9g=
Stuart Starrs, at his excellent EnPeru Blog, has revealed more info on the wooden statues found at Chan Chan. The statues were produced to help in the transition fro worldly to divine. This area was closed off after the ruler, who had that section of the site constructed, died. They do not represent warriors or gods but well wishers bidding farewell. They are both male and female and each is different. The females are carrying spondylus shells and the men have snails. This discovery will give new meaning to Chan Chan. More statues will probably be uncovered.
Stuart has some really nice photos of the statues and the story at;
October 14, 2009
Chunkey Stones and the Spread of Cahokian Culture
Archaeology Magazine has a story on the Mississippian game of chunkey written by the foremost authority on Cahokia, Timothy Pauketat. The game involved participants hurling spears or sticks at a rolling disc
known as the chunkey stone. Cahokians used the game as an instrument of cultural expansion. The game was devised at the planned capital city of Cahokia which became an imperial power. Their religious and
cultural and artistic beliefs and styles spread across the
Mississippian world and intensified maize agriculture spread with it. One of the important envoys of this new culture was the game of chunkey. Emissaries from Cahokia, carrying chunkey stones and war clubs, spread out, up and down the Mississippi and into the plains, to
carry out peace missions and create political alliances. A Pax Cahokiana was established, and the game of chunkey was a primary vehicle for this.
Archaeology Magazine has the story here;
http://www.archaeology.org/0909/abstracts/pastime.html
October 8, 2009
One of the Oldest Friezes in the World Found in Peru
Archaeologists led by Ruth Shady Solis have discovered a frieze of a person holding an instrument, either a knife of a spindle, that dates to 3000 BCE at the Vichama site in Peru. This would be one of the oldest friezes in the world. It appears that the frieze is associated with ritual sacrifices. Vichama is part of the Caral interaction sphere that dates from 3000-1800 BCE.
El Comercio (Peru) has the story here (in Spanish);
http://elcomercio.pe/impresa/notas/friso-tendria000-anos-antiguedad/20091007/351825
October 8, 2009
Toltec Temple Uncovered in Hidalgo
A Toltec temple was uncovered by construction workers laying a pipeline in Hidalgo. The Temple dates to 1000 CE. The Toltec technique known as "Smal-Stone" was used to build a complex with stairs and a first basement.
INAH has taken over the site to further excavate. Pottery, burners and skulls have been uncovered.
Erik Boot has published the El Universal story (in Spanish) here;
Erik Boot's Ancient Mesoamerican News Updates
http://ancient-mesoamerica-news-updates.blogspot.com/
October 7, 2009
12 Tombs and Ruins Uncovered in Peru
Archaeologists have found 12 tombs and 12 pre-Columbian ruins in an archaeological complex on a hill near Cusco. An altar has been uncovered in the ruins that served as a cult location and one of the tombs has precious metals indicating an important burial. The excavations will continue until December 31.
Andina has the short report here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=RF3ATCcodGg=
October 7, 2009
The Fall of the Maya
NASA scientists have been investigating the fall of the Maya. They have concluded that the major reason was drought. A major drought occurred at the time of the Maya collapse and the Maya had cut down most of their trees in advance of this drought to grow more corn for a growing population and for firewood and building. They needed to cut down huge amounts of trees to make their lime plaster. Using the the PSU/NCAR mesoscale atmospheric circulation model, known as MM5, and the Community Climate System Model, or CCSM, they found a 3-5 degree rise in temperature and a 20-30 percent decrease in rainfall at the end. Most of this change was due to deforestation.
Not all city-states were pushed over the edge by this drought. But civil unrest, war, starvation and disease would have been brought on by the drought.
Science@NASA has the story here;
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/06oct_maya.htm
September 30, 2009
9th Century Mural Uncovered in Peru
A polychrome mural has been uncovered in the facade of a ceremonial complex at the Chotuna complex near Lambayeque city. There are friezes with circular designs and an anthropomorphic wave which is a symbol of
the Lambayeque culture. A dune was removed to reveal the mural. The building dates to the 9th century CE. Last year, 11 skeletons of sacrificed women were found at this site.
Andina has the story with a partial photo of the mural here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=8Z5+HxcYzsE=
September 21, 2009
1000 BCE Artifacts Found on the Mississippi Coast
Archaeologists have found arrowheads and pottery shards on Greenwood Island off the coast of Mississippi dating to 1000 BCE. These are the oldest artifacts ever uncovered on the Mississippi coast. Charcoal found with the artifacts allowed the dating. The style is Norwood
fiber-tempered made of clay and Spanish moss heated by fire.
The Mississippi Press has the story here;
http://www.gulflive.com/news/mississippipress/news.ssf?/base/news/1253441737132540.xml&coll=5
September 21, 2009
Wari Site Uncovered at a Catholic Shrine in Peru
The ruins of a site with Wari influence has been found at the Virgin of Cocharcas shirine's subsoil. There is a pre-Hispanic wall and a ceremonial building at the site. A crypt with colonial bones has also been found.
Andina has the short report here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=36kWMRSekbA=
September 19, 2009
The Maya Abandonment in the Puuc Region
Archaeologists at the Labna-Kiuic Regional
Archaeological Project are studying the Maya abandonment and collapse at sites in the Puuc region. The Maya had been in the Puuc region from 500 BCE but headed for the coast when they abandoned their cities there. Exploring at the site of Kiuic, the archaeologists in the study are looking at two pyramids and plantation palaces on ridges around the center. One is called "Stairway to Heaven," because of its long staircase down to the central plaza a mile away. The two pyramids and the palaces were late additions to the site in the 9th century when Maya centers to the south were being abandoned. Kiuic may have prospered due to immigration from the south. The archaeologists have found stone tools, knives, axes, metates and pots sitting in place, as if the inhabitants simply walked away suddenly. More studies will be done by the team to
see if the abandonment was really that sudden.
There was a collection of spear points found in the central plaza but warfare does not seem to be the cause of the abandonment. Construction was halted suddenly in the central plaza and perhaps it was drought that caused the collapse.
USA Today has the story here;
http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/columnist/vergano/2009-09-19-mayan-collapse_N.htm
September 18, 2009
Surprise Tomb Uncovered in Peru
In a surprise discovery, a man with a rattle device has been found buried with Moche priestesses at the site of San Jose El Moro in Peru.The bodies were surrounded by human and llama bones and ancient "smoke machines." The double chambered tomb dates to 850 CE. The wooden coffin containing the male was decorated with copper lattice and a gilded mask. The site had already yielded 7 royal priestesses. Ceramic bowls filled niches in the tomb area with smaller bowls within them.
The bottles were heated and dropped into liquid filled bowls to create a steamy mist during the funeral. Behind the sealed door to the second painted chamber were two females and a male in simple burials, perhaps sacrifices. Another male was sat cross legged and a lone mask
was placed on the floor.
In the elite male's coffin was a mask, a long stick with bells and other metal objects. There is an archetype of a male with a rattle similar to this, and this may be the man that the archetypes represent. He is known as "Wrinkle Face," and is a central figure in burial scenes often shown lowering a coffin alongside another archetypal person named Iguana. Moche expert Steve Bourget believes the tomb may be of a king surrounded by satellite tombs for priestesses.
National Geographic has the story with a good slide show of the finds;
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/09/090918-peru-tomb-moche-male-priestesses.html
September 15, 2009
Ancient Human Objects and Remains Found in Yucatan Cenotes
INAH archaeologists have explored 5 Yucatan cenotes in the last season; Balmi, Canun Che’en, La Guadalupana, Xkal Xkal and Kan Kab Che’en. 37 ritual and domestic vessels were found at Kan Kab Che'en. Some are red, egg shaped funerary vessels. 4 cranially deformed skulls with perforated teeth were found in each cenote along with ceramics. The objects were studied and left in situ because they may have disintegrated if they were pulled from the water.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=39&Itemid=150
September 11, 2009
Teotihuacan Related Stelae Found on Oaxaca Coast
A stelae from the Cerro Tortuga site on the Oaxacan coast reveals its relationship with Teotihuacan. It dates from 200-800 CE. It is 3 meters high and has cheek symbols and volutes similar to Teotihuacan. The person may be Seignior 8E, a Teotihuacan lord who settled on the Oaxacan coast. He may be the same person represented at Monte Alban that Casos associated with Teotihuacan named 8 Earthquake. The site of Cerro Bernal on the Chiapas coast shows a Teotihuacan corridor that begins in Guerrero.
INAH has the report here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=39&Itemid=150
September 10, 2009
Impressive Citadel Found in Peru
An impressive citadel has been discovered at a height of 3000 meters in Cajamarca Province in Peru. There are 2 apartment complexes and pre-Inca and Inca stone construction along with sidewalks, cave paintings
and pottery.
Andina has the short report and a photo here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=HLK1a7ortFk=
September 10, 2009
3000 Year Old Tomb of an Elite Female Found in Peru
A tomb of an elite woman has been found in the archaeological complex of Pacopampa in Peru. She was buried in the main platform of a ceremonial center. She died in 900 BCE, was between 30-40 years old, and was buried with gold jewelry, shells and ceramics. The shell objects show that this mountainous area was in communication with the coast. Cinnabar was spread on her skull and body and some blue material which will be analyzed. She was buried in a fetal position and the legs tied in a mortuary rite
physorg.com has the story here;
http://www.physorg.com/news171782046.html
September 9, 2009
Ancient Remains of Teenagers Uncovered at Sacsayhuaman
Remains of two children, 12 and 13, were uncovered at Sacsayhuaman in Peru. They were buried in a fetal position facing a sacred mountain. A small stone model of the hilltops and a painted vessel were found with them.
Living in Peru has the story here;
http://www.livinginperu.com/news/10052
September 7, 2009
The Zapotec Transition
At the Monte Alban Round Table now taking place in Oaxaca, researcher Robert Markens has proposed an adjustment to our understanding of the Zapotec chronology. He sees a transition period of one hundred years from 850-950 CE to help understand the abandonment of Monte Alban, Yagul and Xaaga and other Zapotec cities during this time period. The Monte Alban abandonment appears more severe and broad than originally thought during this time period with similar effects in other Zapotec nuclei. The presence of much cruder ceramics at this time period helps confirm the proposal.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3650&Itemid=150
September 4, 2009
The Monte Alban Collapse
University of Colorado archaeology professor Arthur Joyce, speaking at the 5th Monte Alban Round Table in Oaxaca, said that he has found evidence of tension between the elite and commoners in the main Monte Alban plaza between 200-800 CE. The square looks like it became an elite dwelling area. As a result, commoners were excluded from major ceremonies and the peoples loyalty eroded. The elite was increasingly isolated and commoners were emigrating and the government collapsed. Elite residences were abandoned. In the late Pre-Classic, around 200 CE, there was a political disruption. Stela were dismantled and arrowheads were found in the main plaza. Other centers were rising to power and the commoners of Monte Alban were not supportive of their elites to protect the city.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3645&Itemid=150
September 3, 2009
Final Battle at El Mirador
Researchers at El Mirador are carrying out DNA tests from spear tips and arrowheads with bone fragments and smashed pottery at the summit of the El Tigre pyramid at El Mirador, Guatemala. Many of the blades are of obsidian obtained from the Mexican central highlands. 200 of these have been found as well as flint ones and it appears there was a major battle atop the pyramid. It may have been Teotihuacanos who invaded. El Mirador was occupied from 850 BCE-150 CE and may have collapsed due to over-use of resources. Chief archaeologist Richard Hansen believes the final 200 of El Mirador were trapped by the Teotihuacanos in a siege before the final battle. Graffiti that may be Teotihuacano was left after the Teo fighters smashed monoliths and carved crude skulls on them. Tlaloc images were also carved into the smashed monoliths. Scientists are attempting to extract blood from the spear points and arrow heads to identify the fighters.
Reuters has the story here;
http://www.vision.org/visionmedia/article.aspx?id=18952
And a short film here;
September 3, 2009
Shawnee Lookout Park Discoveries
University of Cincinnati students, digging at Shawnee Lookout Park, have located a new mound and a rare pottery kiln and large dwellings. Earthworks have been uncovered on the perimeter stretching 4 miles in length. They may be uncovering the oldest continuously occupied hilltop Native American site in the US. The Hopewell lived at the site 2000 years ago and may be directly linked to the Shawnee who were living there up to 300 years ago. It appears that there are far more sites at the Lookout than previously believed. The Fort Ancient site is 40 miles away but does not appear to have the same continuous occupation. Both the Fort Ancient and Hopewell resided at Shawnee Lookout. They are finding Hopewell refuse overlaid by Shawnee refuse and some of the earthworks are Shawnee continuations of Hopewell work. The DNA of modern Shawnee peoples are being investigated to see connections with the Hopewell.
Science Blog has the story here;
August 26, 2009
El Coporo site being excavated in Guanajuato
INAH is continuing excavations at the El Coporo site in Guanajuato. They are working on the base of the pyramid there. Restoration had been ongoing for 5 years and the site will be open to the public in two years. The site was part of the Tunal Grande culture (200-1100 CE). 150 structures have been uncovered so far. El Coporo was the administrative center over 29 settlements below the mountain top upon which El Coporo was established. The site was occupied from 500-900 CE.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=39&Itemid=150
August 25, 2009
Oldest Sipan Ancestor Uncovered
The tomb of a Mochica noble or warrior has been uncovered in the Huaca Rajada in Lambayeque. The remains would be the oldest ancestor of the Sipan dynasty discovered so far. The Lord of Sipan was found here in 1987 and this new grave dates to the beginning of the Sipan dynasty. It now appears that the dynasty stretches much further back than was believed.
Andina has the story here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=mXbwp2bqXLo=
August 19, 2009
Ancient Artifacts Uncovered in the Dominican Republic
A water filled cave in the Dominican Republic has been found that is filled with stone tools and the bones of pre-historic animals. A fire pit and the stone tools are dated at 4000-6500 years old and there are later Taino artifacts in the cave as well. This is the first site in the area to contain stone tools, sloths and primates in one place. The primate may be a howler monkey.
Indiana University News has the story here;
http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/11644.html
August 14, 2009
Pyramid Uncovered in Michoacan by Avocado Farmers
Farmers in planting avocado uncovered a pyramid in Ario de Rosales, Michoacan. They notified INAH who sent a representative who verified the pyramid as a "yacata," a base with a rectangular form that combines semi circular elements. It is well preserved and appears to be from the Classic period (300-850 CE) and possibly influenced by Teotihuacan and more elements are present. It is similar to the Timbangato site near Patzcuaro. So far, the culture of the builders has not been determined but it appears not to be Purepecha
(Tarascan). The INAH Archaeological Salvage Direction has been asked for a GPS study of the site.
INAH has the story here with a photo;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php option=com_content&task=view&id=3489&Itemid=150
August 13, 2009
Maya Altar Uncovered in the Yucatan
During road repairs between Merida and Campeche, a Maya altar made of 200 stones was uncovered. It is circa 300-600 CE. There are signs of earlier pre-Classic occupation at this site going back to 800 BCE.
Erik Boot published today's story from El Universal (in Spanish) with a photo of the ongoing excavation at his Maya News page;
Erik Boot's Maya News Updates
http://mayanewsupdates.blogspot.com/
August 9, 2009
Early Maya Brick Making at Jonuta
Excavations at the Maya site of Jonuta in Tabasco uncovered 4 parallel masonry walls built with thin bricks and a stela made of powdered shell mortar. The slabs are unique and were manufactured with clay. So the Maya were building bricks at 850 CE. Sea shells, obsidian knives and small animal bones were placed in a ritual fashion in front of the building. 5 figurines were found-2 of them intact.
Art Daily has the story and a good photo here;
http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=32589
July 30, 2009
Range Creek Reveals More Secrets
Archaeologists have now recorded 157 Fremont granaries at Range Creek in Utah. There are 3 types of granaries, small slab line types on the hillsides dating from the early Fremont period. Then there are much larger ones from 500-700 feet up to 1,800 feet up on cliffs and they hold from 30 baskets to 90 baskets of corn each. The larger granaries were built between 900-1060 CE and then they were abandoned. During this time of granary expansion, there was a huge population expansion, and so far, 50 sites have been uncovered dating to this period. Some of the sites are built condominium style, one built next to the other on hillsides. The Fremont developed a new form of maize indigenous to the canyon that was starchier and larger between 200-700 CE. Corn was also imported from outside the canyon. There is some evidence they lifted the corn from the valley to the cliff granaries on platforms. Excavations at the very rich area of Range Creek will continue for some time to come.
The Sun Advocate has the story here;
http://www.sunad.com/index.php?tier=1&article_id=16262
July 28, 2009
More on the Chimney Rock Excavations
Elite priests living in a spiritual outpost high on a Colorado mountain ridge 1000 years ago had their meals catered by commoners in the valley below. New findings by a team from the University of Colorado at Boulder led by Stephen Lekson, digging at Chimney Rock, have found that this elite dined on elk and deer while the workers ate smaller game. Chimney rock is an outlier of the Chaco Canyon culture in New Mexico that dominated the southwest from 850-1150 CE. Chimney Rock is 7,600 feet high and 1000 feet above the nearest water source. It has a Chacoan Great House and great kiva within the site. The kiva may have been a lunar observatory. Chimney Rock was occupied from 1075-1130 CE. The team is investigating mineral signatures on corn samples to find where it was grown and the water the samples were near. It appears that Chimney Rock, as a spiritual center, drew people into the area and that the elites who lived there were from Chaco.
Timbers at Chaco to build the great houses and kivas there came from the Chimney Rock region. Deer and Elk from Chimney Rock was probably delivered to Chaco as evidenced by bones found at Chaco. Fireboxes on cliffs near Chimney Rock could signal the Chacoans. No one knows why the site was abandoned after its short life of 50 years. The inhabitants burned their rooms when they left but there were items left inside. One of these artifacts was an intact pot with the jawbone of a large bear inside it. The bear had spiritual significance to Chaco culture.
Lekson said that this will probably be the last archaeological study at Chimney Rock in our lifetimes due to the cost and time it takes to mount an expedition like this.
The Colorado Edu. News has the story here;
http://www.colorado.edu/news/r/d8e411224278f6967ab333307e9a3fde.html
July 28, 2009
Discoveries at Range Creek
Archaeologists at the Range Creek sites in Utah are finding that the Fremont people were not a group living in isolation within their canyon. Trade items from other groups in the basin have been uncovered. A turquoise gem has been found dated at 1000 CE. The turquoise comes from New Mexico or Arizona and was probably re-traded to Range Creek. One habitation site at Range Creek now has been dated to 400 CE and had a habitation record of 400 years. There are more like it in the area. Archaeologists have found that from 930-1060 CE, there was a huge expansion in the area and the Fremont began moving their sites higher into the cliffs and building cliff houses. The structures being uncovered are in pristine condition and they are numerous.
The Sun Advocate has the story here;
http://www.sunad.com/index.php?tier=1&article_id=16235
July 23, 2009
New Substructure Uncovered at Chichen Itza
INAH archaeologists have found a substructure neat the El Castillo pyramid at Chichen Itza. It dates to the 8th century CE. It was built 100 years before the El Castillo pyramid. The structure is only partially excavated at the moment and excavations continue. 5 floor levels and parts of walls have been found so far. It is well preserved due to the sealing of the structure with limestone and lime and the Maya covered over the structure with stucco to build the El Castillo pyramid near it.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3409&Itemid=150
July 23, 2009
Pre-inca skeletons uncovered in Lima
A pre-Inca mummy and eight other skeletons have been uncovered at the Huaca Huantille site in Lima. The bones were from the Ychsma civilization of 1000-1400 CE. 50 homeless families had to be evicted to uncover the burials. Each of the bodies were covered with 3 cloth capes. So far, 40 bodies and 50 ceramic and gourd containers have been uncovered there.
The Latin American Herald Tribune has the story here;
http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=339784&CategoryId=1
July 22, 2009
The Ancient Maya and Forest Conservation
David Lentz, publishing in the Journal of Archaeological Science, has found that the Maya practiced forest management. They conserved forest resources as shown in the wood they used for construction. The pollen record backs this up. Lentz and his team worked at Tikal. They found the Maya were at first not cutting down trees in the "sacred groves." This did not change till the late pre-Classic. When the rulers of Tikal became imperialistic in their views, they gave up careful conservation to build larger temples with larger trees. They tapped into the sacred groves. As a result, they ran out of good trees and began using inferior wood. Soil erosion took place as the trees were cut down in larger numbers and the ground dried up and less rainfall was also a result of deforestation. They burned trees adding carbon but without the living trees to turn carbon into oxygen. The team will return to Tikal in 2010 to find more precise information on the dates when practices changed.
Science Daily has the story here;
July 22, 2009
Important Discovery at Teotihuacan
Archaeologist Sergio Gomez found a chimney or air vent a few weeks ago inside the citadel at Teotihuacan. Further investigation led to a man made tunnel. Explorations of the tunnel are ongoing. Sculpture fragments have been found on the walls of the tunnel. So far, there are no photos or any additional information. I will post updates as I see them.
Here is the URL for the La Jornada story
http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2009/07/20/index.php?section=cultura&article=a06n1cul
July 21, 2009
Food From an Andean Feast 4200 Years Ago Identified
University of Missouri researchers have studied dish ware from a feast from more than 4000 years ago at the Fox Temple at the Buena Vista site in Peru and have recovered starch grains from manioc, potato, chili pepper, arrowroot and algarrobo. Residue from bottle gourds and squash artifacts were studied to ascertain the foods they held at the feast where this food was served.
EurekAlert has the story here;
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-07/uom-ahl072109.php
July 20, 2009
Large Hopewell Related Site Uncovered in Ohio
A large scale Hopewell related settlement has been uncovered in northern Ohio. The site was first detected by magnetic readings. After 5 weeks of digging, the evidence suggests three distinct pre-Columbian groups occupied the site going back 2,500 years. The site served as a ceremonial spot, a wintering shelter, a stockaded village and a trading hub. The artifacts look like Hopewell artifacts. They may have been imported from Hopewell areas to the south or the locals may have imitated Hopewell designs. The earliest artifacts belong to the Middle Woodland tradition and appear to be Hopewell in nature. The ceramic
designs and the bladelets found match Hopewell crafts. Perhaps the site served as a northern trading hub for the Hopewell who were trading shells from the Gulf Coast and mica from the Appalachians, and the inhabitants living at the site learned the Hopewell designs this way. Perhaps the Hopewell element came by way of a religious tradition. A protected enclosure has been found ringed by a trench and wooden posts that were 8 feet high. A large dwelling with a ramped entrance, a hearth and benches has been uncovered surrounded by 60 posts. Within was found a puncturing tool made of deer bone, a freshwater shell pendant shaped as a bear claw and a flint projectile point. Digging will resume next summer.
The Cleveland Plain Dealer has the story here;
http://www.cleveland.com/printer/printer.ssf?/base/news/1248078607200050.xml&coll=2
A really good blog of the excavations has been maintained by the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and many nice photos of the finds are shown in the blog;
http://www.cmnh.org/site/ResearchandCollections/Archaeology/BloggingArchaeology.aspx
There are videos of the site here;
http://www.cleveland.com/science/index.ssf/2009/07/cleveland_museum_of_natural_hi.html#mor
July 17, 2009
Excavations in Sinaloa
INAH excavations at Las Labradas in Sinaloa have yielded artifacts from the 900-1100 CE period when the area was influenced by the Toltec culture. So far, ceramic dishes, bowls and metates have been found. Spirals, circles, sun and caiman designs are present in the petroglyphs in the area dating back to 300 BCE. Excavations will continue.
Art Daily has the story here with a large petroglyph photo;
July 15, 2009
Follow Up on the Zapotec Use of Human Femurs
National Geographic has a follow-up article on the practice of Zapotec males carrying human femurs as status symbols. There are a few new details in this article. A photo of a bas relief of a Zapotec carrying a human femur is posted. Joyce Marcus of the University of Michigan believes that this was a way to display dynastic continuity since relatives of the deceased carried these femurs. Each first born son was expected to brandish the femur of his father.
The National Geographic article is here;
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/07/090715-zapotec-thighbones-femurs.html
July 15, 2009
Kennewick Man Update
We have been waiting for 3 years to read the results of the studies on Kennewick Man. And still, no journal has been selected to publish the findings and the researchers who studied him are unsure how long it will take before they publish. His remains are still being kept at Burke Museum in Seattle in a climate controlled locker under strict security. Great pains have been taken not to handle the bones without protective gloves. Thousands of measurements were taken in the tests of 2004, 2005, 2006 including Radiocarbon and MRI tests. DNA tests were done on a small bit of bone. He was in his thirties when he died, had a spear wound which did not kill him, and he was buried by others and not nature. An interesting side note is that he may have been covered in red ochre pigment at burial, a custom that spans the ancient Americas.
Since 2006, nothing more has been disclosed. Only one report has been made by two of the researchers on Kennewick Man stating he is related to Polynesian and South Asian peoples with some traits associated with the Ainu of northern Japan. The research ruled out any ties to European peoples.
Here is that report;
Report on the Osteological Assessment of the "Kennewick Man" Skeleton (CENWW.97.Kennewick)
Joseph F. Powell and Jerome C. Rose
http://www.nps.gov/archeology/kennewick/powell_rose.htm
And here is the story on the lack of any urgency in publishing complete reports at SeattlePi.com;
http://www.seattlepi.com/local/408062_Kennewickman13.html?source=rss
July 14, 2009
Chimu Woman Uncovered at Chan Chan
The skeletal remains of a Chimu woman have been found in a palace at Chan Chan in Peru. She is around 22 years old and may have been hanged or buried alive to avoid the impact of the El Nino Southern Oscillation.
Andina has the short report here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=88nCvOZoO5c=
July 11, 2009
New Inca Road Uncovered
An unknown Inca road has been uncovered that led to Machu Picchu. It is made of stone masonry with sustaining walls 13-16 feet high. This road was suspected as having been in existence. It may have been a spiritual road only traversed by religious personages. More excavations will take place.
Art Daily has the story here;
http://www.artdaily.org/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=31999
July 11, 2009
Paisley Cave Pre-Clovis Questioned
Archaeologist Dennis Jenkins and his team found coprolites at Paisley Cave in Oregon in 2008. He and his team dated said these were human coprolites and dated them to the time period of the human traces found at Monte Verde, Chile, around 14,300 years old. This would be the 2nd place where proven Pre-Clovis human material would be found.
A team of reseachers cross checking the data has concluded that the coprolites belong to herbivores and not to humans thus disproving the claim. Dennis Jenkins and his team have given a rebuttal and state the scientific reasons why they feel the coprolites are human.
Both studies are published in "Science" here;
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/325/5937/148-c
and the rebuttal;
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/325/5937/148-b
Jenkins is now stating that only further sterile excavations at Paisley Cave will produce enough evidence to justify the Pre-Clovis claim.
July 10, 2009
New Research at Chimney Rock
For the first time in more than 30 years, archaeologists are excavating at Chimney Rock ruins. Chimney Rock construction may be tied to the major lunar standstill marking the end of the moon's northern migration cycle. Every 18.6 years, the moon will rise within a window framed by the giant rock spires of Chimney Rock. The most recent standstill took place from 2004-2008. The next time this happens at Chimney Rock will not be till 2022. Earlier research indicated that periods of construction corresponded with lunar standstills and that major construction was at the time of a lunar standstill in 1076. Archaeologists will now carbon date burned beams at the site to confirm this.
Another major question about Chimney Rock was whether it was part of the Chacoan world. It may be that corn was grown at Chimney Rock for transport to Chaco. It is possible to signal Chaco from Chimney Rock atop Huerfano Peak in New Mexico. Archaeologists are also working to stabilize the Great House walls.
The Durango Herald has the story here with enlargable photos;
http://durangoherald.com/sections/Features/Outdoors/2009/07/10/Chimney_Rock_Chaco_or_not/
July 9, 2009
Zapotec Use of Human Femurs
Archaeologists believed that Zapotec rulers carried around human femurs as power symbols. A carved lintel at Lambityeco shows this. A Field Museum team has confirmed this. They have found femurs were removed from graves and that this practice was widespread among heads of households and rulers. A missing femur dated to 500 CE was found at a Mitla fortress along with other skeletons. The house was not a ruler's residence. More residences in the area will be excavated by the team.
EurekAlert has the story here;
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-07/fm-fmc070809.php
July 8, 2009
Maize and State Society in the Andes
Skeletons found at an ancient Wari site in the Andes have yielded evidence that maize farming started early in the Andes and helped fuel early state society. Humans living in the area 2,800 years ago regularly ate maize, the skeletons show. This stimulated population growth and led to a complex society. Did the highland societies of the Andes depend primarily on maize or on potatoes and beans? The new studies show intensive maize cultivation is the answer for the development of the Wari state. Andean expert Dan Sandweiss concurs and he says a warmer, wetter climate at the time and the spread of terraced cultivation spurred this. Hundreds of skeletons from many sites were studied and it shows that maize consumption was primary at all of these sites. Another earlier study suggests maize was consumed in Andean Argentina 4000 years ago. More formative area sites will now be studied to follow up on this find.
Science News has the story here;
July 3, 2009
Chinchorro Mummies and Arsenic Poisoning
More than 100 child mummies have been uncovered since 1983 near Arica, Chile who were part of the Chinchorro culture which lived in the area 7000 years ago. Everyone was mummified in that culture. The child mummies were seated at the dinner table with their parents. It appears they may have been the victims of arsenic poisoning. 46 hair samples have been collected and many show high arsenic levels. The Chinchorros were a fishing community. Tests on water in their river valley today show their river is contaminated with arsenic 86 times higher than acceptable. It appears the arsenic levels were the same 7000 years ago. And they suffered from chronic ear irritation due to fishing in cold waters and from parasitic infections from eating undercooked fish and seal lion meat. Mummification was done by defleshing, removing internal organs, filling the bodies with clay, grasses and feathers and the bodies were painted bright red and the faces were modeled to look natural and painted black or brown.
Down to Earth has the story here with a chilling photo of a child mummy;
http://www.downtoearth.org.in/full6.asp?foldername=20090715&filename=news&sec_id=50&sid=29
July 3, 2009
Big Finds at the Mississippian Site at Chesterfield
Archaeologists are digging at the Chesterfield site in Missouri and finding that it was a major market center for Cahokia. They are digging up very ornate bowls in good quantity and thousands of other artifacts including copper ear spools from the Great Lakes region, tools and beads as well as homes and storage pits. The pottery is of the Ramey style made during the height of the Mississippian cultures. Deer bones have been found as well indicating ritual feasting. This last week, they uncovered a stockade wall. The dig is in its beginning stages and already 5000 artifacts have been uncovered.
The Southern.com has the story here;
http://www.thesouthern.com/articles/2009/07/03/breaking_news/doc4a4e13c15bf22863652239.txt
June 18, 2009
Mogollon Artifacts Uncovered at White Sands
Jornada Mogollon artifacts have been uncovered at the White Sands missile range in New Mexico. The finds are described as significant because the evidence shows the Jornada Mogollon occupied the site twice; once in 1150 CE and then again from 1250-1350 CE. Three pithouses used by the Mogollon during the Dona Ana Phase have been uncovered and then later shelters of brush during the 2nd occupation were found. The Mogollon lived in the area from 1100-1450 CE. When the growing season ended, they moved to temporary shelters closer to the mountains where there was wood for fires, animals to hunt and plants to forage. It is believed that there are hundreds of sites along the Organ mountain range. More pottery of a certain type have been found at the site than any other site uncovered so far.
The Las Cruces Sun-News has the story here;
http://www.lcsun-news.com/ci_12616344
June 17, 2009
Pre-Inca Tomb Uncovered at Macchu Picchu
A pre-Inca tomb has been found inside the Macchu Picchu Archaeological Park. The remains are of a woman from the Quillke Culture based on the pottery and other remains found at the site. The tomb points to a mountain called Wakaywillka.
Andina has the short report with a photo here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=eyyzr413uKc=
June 16, 2009
Intensive Maya Manioc Production Found at El Ceren
At the Maya site of El Ceren in El Salvador, buried and preserved under a layer of ash from a volcano that destroyed the site 1,400 years ago, Boulder researchers found a large manioc field. It had been harvested just days before the eruption. This is the first and only evidence of intensive manioc cultivation in the New World. Manioc pollen has been found in Belize, Mexico and Panama but not intensive cultivation proof. Manioc grows well in poor soils and is drought resistant unlike corn, beans and squash. There was more manioc harvested than could be consumed by the villagers. The manioc fields are constructed as family plots. The team is now looking at other Maya sites for signs of intensive manioc production.
Perhaps some of the surplus manioc was ground into powder for tortillas and for making alcohol as the Maya indigenous today do with manioc.
The team also found a structure with a colorful deer headdress, an alligator pot, deer bones and lots of food items which appear to have been distributed to the villagers. The people of El Ceren appear to have fled to this structure for religious protection when the volcano erupted since no bodies have been found in their adobe homes. No human remains have been found so far.
EurekAlert has the report here;
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-06/uoca-css061609.php
To access the scientific report on the 2009 field season at Ceren go
to http://www.colorado.edu/anthropology/projects/documents/2009ReportJoyadeCeren.pdf
June 11, 2009
Important Teotihuacan Murals Uncovered in Queretaro
INAH has discovered Teotihuacan style murals at the site of El Rosario in Queretaro. The murals were probably painted from 200-650 CE. These are the only Teo sytle murals ever found in Queretaro or north of the basin. The murals will be secured and moved to the Regional Museum. The iconography is of obsidian knives, bleeding hearts, people with plumes and possibly shields. The murals are of the style found in the beginning of Teotihuacan history. They have also found textile fragments, wood logs, charcoal, obsidian knives and pottery sherds.
There are four stages of construction stretching from 200 CE to the
epi-Classic at 900 CE.
The El Universal story here (in Spanish)
http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/603940.html
And the La Jornada story here (in Spanish)
http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2009/06/11/index.php?section=cultura&article=a05n1cul
June 10, 2009
Update on the Tomb Being Excavated in Downtown Mexico City
There is an article in the Times of London today which re-states what we already know but with one additional item. They have found plaster seals at the possible entrance meaning this site was not looted and they found a sacrificed dog in front of them. Lopez Lujan considers this a sign that an important tomb lies beneath. But Lopez Lujan states that the work may not be finished for many months or even a year. We know this is due to the machinery problems they are having keeping the water just below the surface from flooding the tomb as they work slowly to open it.
The Times of London has the story here;
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article6474037.ece
The Toronto Star has more here;
http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/651306
June 10, 2009
Andean Cross Symbolism Uncovered at 4000 Year Old Ventarron
A new set or rooms shaped like the ancient Andean Chacana or Andean Cross have been uncovered at the Ventarron site in Peru. These rooms are 4000 years old. Chacanas are found in the Chavin culture of 3000 years ago and in the Moche Culture of 1000 years ago. The oldest examples are found at 5000 year old Caral. The find at Ventarron is the first time the Chacana has been found to be incorporated into architecture. Ventarron is the site of the earliest mural ever discovered in the Americas. On top of the temple at the site, where excavations are ongoing, an eternal flame device was discovered and further excavations will reveal more about this religious symbolism.
En Peru Blog has the story with photos here;
http://enperublog.com/2009/06/08/ancient-temple-wall-discovered-shaped-like-andean-chakana/
June 9, 2009
Ancient Settlements Found Under Lake Huron
Researchers have located what may be caribou hunting structures and camps 100 feet deep under Lake Huron. Due to its location, the entire landscape has been preserved unlike above ground sites. The research has been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Hunting pits, camps, caribou drive lanes and stone piles used to drive the caribou into ambushes have been sighted. The underwater site is between Ontario and Michigan. State of the art tools were used to find likely places for underwater sites and the tools were successful in finding the site. The site will help in understanding how Native Americans moved from the Paleo-Indian to the Archaic era. It is hoped they will find intact settlements at the site with organic materials.
Science Daily has the story here;
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090608182543.htm
June 8, 2009
Important Excavations at Ichkabal
INAH has announced that the first stage of the excavation and reconstruction of 4 buildings at Ichkabal in Quintana Roo will take 2 years. One of the mysteries that may be cleared up is whether the site is related to the Kaan dynasty. Dzibanche is 8 miles away and the Kaan dynasty ruled there from 450-620 CE. It may be discovered that Ichkabal was the place of origin for the dynasty. The archaeological team is also looking for evidence of early Teotihuacan influence and what the nature of that influence was. INAH found that the site of Dzibanche had intense occupation until the Spanish arrival and the same may be found at Ichkabal. If this is the case, it would change the Maya collapse narrative on its head. And finally, researchers at the site will be looking for raised fields agriculture rather than slash and burn at the site to see if the raised fields theory has some substance to it.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3273&Itemid=150livepage.apple.com
June 5, 2009
Oldest Work of Art in North America Found?
A fossil collector found a 15 inch pre-historic bone fragment near Vero Beach with a crude engraving of a mammoth or mastodon on it. All the tests so far show the artifact to be genuine and from 13,000 years ago. This would make the object the oldest work of art in North America. The collector had the bone for two years before noticing the incising. Archaeologists are now digging at the site where the object was found to see if there are more treasures to be found. The mammoth shown on the bone became extinct 13,000 years ago. The University of Florida have run tests and they appear to show the object is genuine. They are now comparing soil from the site of the find with the object. Steven Holen, curator of paleontology at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science said, “It is one of the most spectacular finds in American archaeology in recent history.”
TCPalm.com has the story here with 2 photos;
http://www.tcpalm.com/news/2009/jun/05/bone-appears-to-date-human-presence-in-treasure/
June 5, 2009
33 Sacrificed (Mostly) Teens Uncovered in the Lambayeque Area of Peru
Archaeologists in Peru have found three dozen people sacrificed by the Lambayeque 600 years ago at Chotuna-Chornancap near the tomb of Sipan. Their necks and collarbones were cut. Most were young women around 15 years of age. One was pregnant. Their skin tissue and hair have been preserved as they were in a dry area 7 feet underground. The Reuters article identifies the people who did this as Inca but in fact, they
were Lambayeque.
http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/602611.html
June 1, 2009
The Maya Used Inferior Wood Near their Collapse
The Maya builders at Tikal switched to inferior wood a few decades before their collapse indicating the main cause for the collapse was resources had run out. Wood was sampled at all 6 major temples and 2 palaces in Tikal. Strong sapodilla trees were replaced by logwood, an inferior wood. Earlier studies indicate deforestation and soil erosion was increasing but this new study is the first to show ecological overexploitation is a main cause of the collapse.
The New Scientist has the story here;
May 28, 2009
More on the Maya Site of Moral-Reforma
More information is emerging on the ruins at the Maya site of Moral- Reforma, a river port in Tabasco. So far 3 buildings, a ball court and five stela have been restored. The main pyramid is now being uncovered and resemble Calakmul construction. A series of altars on the steps of the pyramid have been discovered as they scrape the soil off. Masks, small figurines, spear points are among the 23 artifacts unearthed recently around the pyramid.
There are 95 additional earthen mounds waiting to be uncovered. By August, 50% of the main pyramid will be uncovered.
Art Daily has the story here;
May 29, 2009
Skeletal finds at Tula
A Pre-Hispanic burial of 2 skeletons has been found near the Tula archaeological zone by municipal workers. The discovery dates to 900-1100 CE. The skeletons were in fetal position oriented to the east. 7 hump type vessels, some flat bowls, a shell necklace, casts, polishers, crushers, burnt ceramic fragments were found. The skulls had 4 drill holes. 24 children found near the same area in 2007 had the same orifices. These were the result of the use of trepanation to heal blood clots or strong headaches. And perhaps this was an emblem of potters since it is theorized this area was a potters’ enclave.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3246&Itemid=150
May 26, 2009
Cholula Burial Find
17 pre-Hispanic skeletons were recently discovered near Cholula. They could belong to the Olmeca-Xicalanca culture from the years 900-1150 CE. This group had its capital at Cacaxtla. The skeletons were buried in a fetal position, oriented to the northeast along with ceramics, a jadeite bead and an obsidian knife. Sex and age have yet to be determined. Eventually, this group was defeated by Toltec dispersed warriors.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3234&Itemid=150
May 25, 2009
12 Archaeological Sites Found Along Peruvian Highway
12 archaeological sites were found last week along the Southern Inter- Oceanic Highway in the Peruvian jungle. These include petroglyphs, cave paintings, Inca terraces and ancient tombs. One of the petroglyph groups has lizard shaped creatures on them.
Andina has the story here with one photo;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=JktnMOurirc=
May 25, 2009
Artifacts Uncovered in Tabasco
Six stucco masks and a stone statuette have been uncovered at the site of Moral-Reforma/Balancan in Tabasco. The masks are polychrome and greenish and the statue resembles a warrior and some incensarios have also been found. Work is continuing and more finds are anticipated. At the time of the masks, Palenque and Calakmul dominated the site in 650 AD as a trading post.
Excavations on a platform temple are also ongoing at the site.
Erik Boot has the story here (in Spanish) with some photos;
Maya News Updates;
http://mayanewsupdates.blogspot.com/
And it is from Tabasco Hoy;
http://www.tabascohoy.com.mx/nota.php?id_nota=174436
May 15, 2009
Possible Shaft Tomb Found in Jalisco
A dozen artifacts have been recovered from a hydraulic work site that may be a shaft tomb in Jalisco including figurines and pottery. The objects probably date to 100 BCE-500 CE. Shaft tombs in Zapopan, Jalisco have been found since 1970.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3202&Itemid=150
May 15, 2009
Update on Inca Burials at Machu Picchu
A funerary bundle of a 14-16 year old person has been uncovered at Torontoy in Machu Picchu. It was found in a perpheral platform site undergoing restoration.
Andina has the short report here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=O6ffYqUgltI=
In an update to the find, it was revealed that the burial of the 14-15 year old man was in the same spot as an earlier burial find of a 30-35 year old man. It would appear that the burials took place during the Spanish conquest in a hasty way without following strict Inca guidelines. The Inca in the area fled to the Cusco jungle where the last 4 Inca rulers took refuge for 40 years. The burials were sealed before the Inca fled.
Andina has the update here;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=6m5TSrqy97g=
Huastec Site of Tancama Opened
The site of Tancama in Queretaro, a Huastec site will be opened to the public by INAH. The site in the Sierra Gorda is at the center of 3 traditions; the Huastec, the Rio Verde and the Ranas/Toluquilla. It was inhabited during the epi-Classic between 700-900 CE. The rounded buildings and stone slabs at the site are characteristic of the Huastec style.
INAH has the story here;
http://dti.inah.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3194&Itemid=150
May 13, 2009
Earliest Canal System in the Southwest Uncovered
Archaeologists have unearthed the remains of an ancient farming community at a site called Las Capas in Arizona dating to 1200 BC-800 BC, the early agricultural period in the Southwest. The settlers created a system of canals now proven to be the earliest extensive irrigation system in the Southwest. These canals pre-date the Hohokam canals by 1000 years. This find has completely revised the history of organized irrigation in the Southwest. The canals were built in grids with earthen gates to regulate flow. The canals held running water 9 months out of the year. The area covers 100 acres and supported 150 people. The Las Capas people grew maize as their primary crop using popped corn to make tortillas. They gathered cactus fruit, mesquite pods and amaranth. Skeletal remains of the Las Capas people show they lived a healthy life. Circular pit houses have also been uncovered with charcoal remains used for cooking in shallow pits. They had domesticated dogs and other domesticated animals.
There are 7 other settlements nearby with evidence of canals there as well. A massive flood in 800 BC destroyed their society as the Las Capas people made attempts to rebuild the waterways and then abandoned their village.
The Explorer has the story here;
http://www.explorernews.com/articles/2009/05/13/news/doc4a09f6bd89333196876955.txt
May 11, 2009
Early Copan King’s Tomb Found
Honduran archaeologists believe they have uncovered the remains of one of the first kings of Copan in the temple of Oropendola. The bones are in poor condition due to a roof collapse onto the remains. The bones belong to a 30 year old man. The teeth are well preserved.
(My note; quite a lot can be learned from the teeth including the geographic origins of the individual. I will post any further information)
The Straits Times has the story here;
http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Tech%2Band%2BScience/Story/STIStory_375009.htm
Archaeologist Ricardo Agurcia, the chief archaeologist at this tomb, has announced that the skeleton may belong to a son or brother of Copan ruler Yax K'uk Mo who came from Teotihuacan. In the next several weeks, radio carbon dating and DNA tests will reveal more about the skeleton. Agurcia also announced that they found the largest piece of jade in the Maya world at the site along with other jade pieces and pottery.
May 8, 2009
4000 Year Old “Tenon Heads” Discovered in Ancash Province, Peru
A number of "Tenon Heads" have been discovered in the Peruvian department of Ancash and are older than the Tenon heads of Chavin de Huantar. They are older than the Chavin "Tenon Heads" at 4000 years old. This area is the center of the Huaylas Culture. This is where the Chavin Culture may have originated.
Andina has the story here with a photo;
http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?id=mLXMZsqstxc=
May 7, 2009
Large Tarascan Imperial Complex Discovered
An ancient imperial ritual complex built by the Tarascans dated to 1400 has been found on an ancient island in the Lake Patzcuaro area. It includes a small pyramid, platform mounds, agricultural terraces and a possible imperial treasury that has been mentioned in historical documents. The archaeologists, using global positioning equipment, have recorded 16 settlements showing a 2000 year continuous occupation of the island. More info can be found here:
http://www.patzcuaroarchaeology.com
CSU News has the story here;
http://newsinfo.colostate.edu/index.asp?url=news_item_display&news_item_id=596582858
May 1, 2009
1100 CE Palisaded Villages Found at the Macon County airport
Archaeologists have uncovered two palisaded villages at the site of the proposed Macon County Airport runway extension dated to 1100 CE. Palisaded villages at this date in this region had been unknown. Artifacts being uncovered go back as far as 2000 BCE. Vertical palisades or fences were erected at 1100 CE to fortify homesteads at the site. Most of the remains at the site date back to the Woodland Period at 500 CE.
Archaeologists are stating that the site is rich with artifacts and finds.
The Macon County News has the story here;
http://www.maconnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4607&Itemid=34
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Copyright; Mike Ruggeri; 2009
